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【角落】The God of Wine

The God of Wine - Dionysus

去柏林遊玩時,在 Pergamon Museum 裡看到了許多羅馬時期的雕像。

在諾大的展示間裡走著,突然撇見在遠遠的牆邊的那尊雕像,怎麼他的頭上好像有葡萄咧?

沒錯,他頭上的確是戴著像葡萄一樣的東東,因為他就是鼎鼎有名的酒神 Dionysus。旁邊那個沒了臉的雕像就是他的跟班 satyr。根據博物館牆上的介紹,這組雕像大約是在西元 164 / 165 年建造,不過原始的 Dionysus 的頭已經毀壞,現在這顆頭是用塑膠、仿照梵蒂岡裡同類的雕像所做成的。

這組雕像跟其他同在 Baths of Faustina 發現的男性裸體雕像一樣,生殖器官都不見去,博物館上的解釋是,這種行為大概是為了讓這些美麗的藝術品,能夠符合保守的基督教品味。博物館牆上的解說原文如下:
This group shows Dionysus, the god of wine, accompanied by a young satyr and was found in 1906 when the Royal Museums of Berlin were excavating the city of Miletus in Asia Minor. It comes from the Baths of Faustina, a magnificent Roman bath complex. They were probably built in 164/165 A.D and the sculpture dates from the same period.
On discovery, the group was lying in the pool basin of the warm room (the tepidarium) where it had fallen. Originally it stood on a base on the edge of the pool, in a prominent position on the main axis of the room. Traces of severe weathering on the base and calcareous deposits on Dionysus’s back demonstrate that the group had remained standing upright for some time even after the roof of the room had collapsed.
The design of this Roman sculptural group is derived from late Hellenistic prototypes. The head of Dionysus has not survived and has been replaced by a plaster cast taken from a very similar group in the Vatican. The genitals of both statues (and those of other naked male figures from the Baths of Faustina) have been carefully removed in late antiquity by chiselling. This was apparently done to adapt the statues to more modest Christian tastes.

Satyr, accompaned the God of Wine, Dionysus

繞過這個展示間,進入另一個展間的第一眼,又看到舉著酒瓶狀東東的雕像。對,愛喝酒的狐小狸對跟酒有關的東東都特別敏感。

這尊是化成人形的 satyr。

在較早時,satyr 一般是以原本妖獸的形態出現,而這尊雕像已經幾乎將 satyr 完全是「人」的形態,除了那對尖尖的耳朵之外。

他的姿勢完全就是準備倒酒的樣子,右手高舉著酒瓶,左手上可能是握著酒杯,啊~不管是替誰倒這杯酒,那人肯定是很幸福的,因為 satyr 是酒神的跟班,倒的酒肯定也是人們進貢給酒神的美酒啦~

相關資訊:
Wikipedia – Dionysus
Wikipedia – satyr
The Princeton encyclopedia of classical sitesThe Baths of Faustina, Miletos, Turkey

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